![]() ![]() In her essay "Toward a feminist Revolution" (1992) Ellen Willis said: "In the early eighties, when feminists used the term 'political correctness', it was used to refer sarcastically to the anti-pornography movement's efforts to define a 'feminist sexuality'." used their term 'politically correct' ironically, as a guard against their own orthodoxy in social change efforts." PC is used in the comic book Merton of the Movement, by Bobby London, which was followed by the term ideologically sound, in the comic strips of Bart Dickon. Shultz said that "throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the New Left, feminists, and progressives. Thereafter, the term was often used as self-critical satire. The term rapidly began to be used by the New Left in an ironic or self-deprecating sense. The term "political correctness" was believed to have been revived by the New Left through familiarity in the West with Mao's Little Red Book, in which Mao stressed holding to the correct party line. In the essay The Black Woman: An Anthology (1970), Toni Cade Bambara said that "a man cannot be politically correct and a chauvinist, too." William Safire records this as the first use in the typical modern sense. In the 1970s, the American New Left began using the term politically correct. It was used by Socialists against Communists, and was meant to separate out Socialists who believed in egalitarian moral ideas from dogmatic Communists who would advocate and defend party positions regardless of their moral substance. The term "politically correct" was used disparagingly, to refer to someone whose loyalty to the CP line overrode compassion, and led to bad politics. ![]() ![]() According to American educator Herbert Kohl, writing about debates in New York in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Later in the United States, the phrase came to be associated with accusations of dogmatism in debates between communists and socialists. ![]() At that time, it was used to describe strict adherence to the policies and principles of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, that is, the party line. The term political correctness first appeared in Marxist–Leninist vocabulary following the Russian Revolution of 1917. In 1934, The New York Times reported that Nazi Germany was granting reporting permits "only to pure 'Aryans' whose opinions are politically correct". In the early-to-mid 20th century, the phrase politically correct was used to describe strict adherence to a range of ideological orthodoxies within politics. In the United States, the term has played a major role in the culture war between liberals and conservatives. They also argue that the political right enforces its own forms of political correctness to suppress criticism of its favored constituencies and ideologies. Ĭommentators on the political left in the United States contend that conservatives use the concept of political correctness to downplay and divert attention from substantively discriminatory behavior against disadvantaged groups. The modern pejorative usage of the term emerged from conservative criticism of the New Left in the late 20th century, with many describing it as a form of censorship. It was considered an in-joke among leftists used to satirise those who were too rigid in their adherence to political orthodoxy. Early usage of the term politically correct by leftists in the 1970s and 1980s was as self-critical satire usage was ironic, rather than a name for a serious political movement. The phrase politically correct first appeared in the 1930s, when it was used to describe dogmatic adherence to ideology in authoritarian regimes, such as Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia. In public discourse and the media, the term is generally used as a pejorative with an implication that these policies are excessive or unwarranted. Since the late 1980s, the term has been used to describe a preference for inclusive language and avoidance of language or behavior that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting to groups of people disadvantaged or discriminated against, particularly groups defined by ethnicity, sex, gender, sexual orientation, or disability. Political correctness (adjectivally politically correct commonly abbreviated PC) is a term used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society. ![]()
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